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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">秘书写作, % W6 S0 B% u1 l# K7 {/ [+ T6 `
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
f6 K" d5 m Q( r8 a3 e" @"Times New Roman"">其思路的基本点是回答是什么、为什么、怎么办等的连锁问题, - d" c& \; |+ Y& w
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因而又有很强的逻辑性,6 u0 j+ ?! t6 ^2 ]! Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& ~. w8 \; G+ G! e$ K2 H
"Times New Roman"">是逻辑思维能力的集中体现。 ; u( k. K8 k* d5 ^, _; ]
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font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 P' n* [" [& }, M& }$ \" i"Times New Roman"">它不仅是谋篇布局的技巧问题,
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而且是反映客观事物的思想方法, ) n- G: }* E: C- I0 {5 c9 T宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">是唯物辩证法认识论和方法论的综合体现。文章和谐统一的审美效应, . B3 i$ R( x0 S. c& I+ s. [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
( Q% m9 I4 T' `2 f h( z0 {"Times New Roman"">首先来自思想, u, F: B+ h. ?: V# i2 K4 Umso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而作文运思是有一定规则可循的, 6 K$ [2 c6 W" w9 t宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">本文主要针对议论性文体的主体部分谈谈逻辑结构的问题。 8 |) p/ n* [5 X( Y
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% }9 [) a: Q" H( f3 q, i"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的因果联系中结构
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">万物处于普遍联系中, 8 |; m q: S; Q; X- ~
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">多拉快跑” + ^- H7 f. d6 v' e) G+ T$ f' Y, _宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就具有因果联系, ! ^. I# J9 F+ e/ R$ I4 ~9 Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' ~4 Z% u7 D! H( [% ~+ Q) _"Times New Roman"">前者为因, 0 o' V9 Y% ^0 S& R2 q
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后者为果。对问题型主题进行思考, 5 O7 S% {0 i4 I' R
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/ S' @* u+ A2 k"Times New Roman"">实质是寻求事物间的因果关联,! d9 w: }. I) o7 s! y4 b9 d, V: _
K' j J; l. d% x1 l8 n) h8 Emso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">因果扣结一旦解开, - L" N9 Y) K. M* |& ]0 ~6 y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是一条清晰的思路, ! ~) e1 j6 H, n7 b% ~% v$ v8 q
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
: `3 _2 @% j/ j"Times New Roman"">就可以写成一篇结构严密的文章。有篇关于乘火车难的社会调查, 7 `- F, C( ~' c$ c# u1 [
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">作者于篇首尖锐发问: + ?! F4 _# l8 L0 G3 D- v9 u$ e. r
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- } j& t8 }8 \6 d. L"Times New Roman"">“ 6 _. I' W8 {; g" @mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为什么乘火车难? 7 f# |# W& X' |宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">” ! ]0 O5 E9 V* U: x* n
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">通过和列车长的谈话, ( u4 o# E* n8 \! Sfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
% j! O3 H/ b. V5 s$ C3 o9 y9 m+ w"Times New Roman"">作者从众多现象中理出两个头绪:: i' `; g# d& h2 J
5 t4 R- E; r% \mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">一是车少点儿好。 * x4 z ^+ O( V* ^8 @
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"Times New Roman"">车往返的点儿在白天和傍晚,
) C9 b8 _" |! u/ {% |; i1 c _" a; K5 l J% E; c; fmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">旅客都愿而且也只能坐这趟往返于哈尔滨和加格达奇间的直通列车。二是客票票价低, . `+ B2 z9 R: b0 T6 u' b& X
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:# p/ N0 w; G/ G+ E
"Times New Roman"">坐这趟车的卧铺下铺, ) e2 h4 [( _3 K9 \8 s
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">跑完7 19 8 b8 [2 \* w& s& Z6 G0 c
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">公里- E( s5 E9 H$ s6 w7 xmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">全程才花2.70 1 \6 F2 f# L: G+ @mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">元(& |+ O6 w4 f4 v宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">指客票调价前), 8 r( q# c7 q2 H7 q- i2 T5 Vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' u7 z6 J5 n y! q: J"Times New Roman"">只相当于在中、上等旅店住一宿的费用) u: \ ~ c! N: T" ^12.0pt">, 3 a2 m$ ?: g2 N$ T0 _1 @* k9 y4 B$ e
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">既跑了点, & ?: c3 X. G. |' \0 c
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3 x! d, S2 l; k* s# f4 T% b"Times New Roman"">又睡了觉, ' S; J! H' ?$ J
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">何乐而不为!9 J2 f+ h; n9 @$ Q, y( O( a
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">这两个原因, 3 |, `, s& l: z V$ m+ L5 L
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
% _; e- G: m+ i8 n$ r" O6 r, l$ u"Times New Roman"">导致了直接的结果: , D3 x+ X7 s3 |. K5 u. p
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">人满为患, ! S; }8 P$ Y0 c9 Y. v9 o
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">经商、开会、旅游、探亲, ' n a6 U1 S; r/ k: Xfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:! f9 [ N7 C: A" z" t
"Times New Roman"">“ 3 c: a6 h3 C* A1 S# A- w) x
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">千军万马挤火车”' P* Y5 d5 u& m6 I
12.0pt"> 8 x/ V7 C( A. z: `& ]"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">。
3 z i& W& e- y! |/ p/ U5 ^$ O# ^6 F, w# G3 l6 |* v) a% T' \: K* }
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">顺理成章。此例是因果式的反向, % M# [: Y) @* k& h; s; _: F
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' T, l7 ]! {# W! }, D0 D"Times New Roman"">即果溯式, 3 c) e3 R& F; L' g9 D2 [5 u+ ]1 C
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从结果出发, # T, Y5 Z: d9 M3 t宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">寻找原因, , R! d3 L2 \) v8 ?1 ]
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
& F' |4 t3 F: W' w* P"Times New Roman"">从而回答了“ ) r. Q7 z0 K) G1 @; }6 N$ o/ Rmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">买票难、乘火车难” . B" {, l! k) a6 q8 r; O
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">的社会热点问题。
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接关系、从属蝉联、环环紧扣,
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"Times New Roman"">思路在事物的承接联系中结构 . t E3 k* Q) }. x8 N4 S
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">承接从属是事物内在的一种联系, 0 f- W8 E9 X* x* w* D: O" e K4 j( X
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物的若干方面, 0 T2 l9 {3 ~& m: L+ x
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"Times New Roman"">前一要素引出后一要素,
/ W$ H3 N( {7 T! c' g- y' I6 J$ w" _mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">后一要素是前一要素的必然延伸和发展。这种结构揭示事物发展的整体特征, 5 U- K, u' W& O8 z$ J8 v5 Z
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
' C6 D6 B8 L8 ]. L8 m, y+ j+ j8 Q"Times New Roman"">是认识问题的重要方法。有篇关于成人教育的专题文章," K: N) y/ L/ o) L0 s9 Y0 i宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">就是这种结构, ! y( h4 V9 \" f+ O7 e( x
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" C! n( d) f L4 o$ D! G"Times New Roman"">该文依次论述岗位培训的四个问题% ], E6 m6 `( f' c) x; S
12.0pt">: 2 o9 r5 k: y* n5 a' Z! s* T4 p: w"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">面向实际、排忧解难、师资教材、发展生产力。具体思路是这样的: 6 C" p5 C' `+ s ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:$ I- S, y% I' |
"Times New Roman"">岗位培训的目的是造就又红又专的职业人才, p2 F) Z/ S, @. l; s1 v12.0pt">, + P7 U) C. H3 ?* \6 k$ A
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">为发展生产力服务, ) P4 v h- \ }& ]; E2 E9 J
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"Times New Roman"">所以必须面向实际; + Q( Z2 N+ h& [ K; P
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而面向实际, 9 `1 u. @( c0 _# B3 I7 ~7 W! p宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">要有明确的针对性, $ N: H0 R8 l; vfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:1 R+ O3 c3 O( ?1 k& v
"Times New Roman"">即解决科学研究、生产实践中的难题5 o: g7 `. Y* V7 {3 V# K- [
12.0pt">; ! V3 o. u8 b' W# c: [5 G& N"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">而要如此, & L2 r6 \0 d! `
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
/ j# p) \* U: q, V% a) J# e"Times New Roman"">又必须对教育的主导方面提出相应要求, I N! ]/ T, \! @ x12.0pt">: % w, {, U3 `, \/ E
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">师资队伍和教材建设; 6 h4 S1 L! |' N4 _2 s6 p2 O
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"Times New Roman"">最后从宏观上概括, d/ f4 j* }5 B) S9 ^mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">搞好岗位培训的最终目的是发展社会生产力。这样层层相连、环环衔接, 7 i: b& G. p. h8 q6 s7 X9 \
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"Times New Roman"">使文章形成了回环蝉联的闭合系统3 S6 i5 t/ w& R+ k# n) A- J
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">已面向实际一排优解难一师资教“ + m+ w3 b- W! a
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宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">生产“〕
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mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">事物总是由若干部分构成一个整体, % f& X* z P& K. d* ], Qfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
" |' |6 ~- w$ o. P' F/ j6 j' i"Times New Roman"">而整体又呈现了个别、具体的丰富性。思路可先在总体或宏观上展现事物的概貌, : T: R; o+ w; J9 w& H3 r# q2 {
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后由此分述各组成部分的具体内容, . K+ b$ l. U, m( h6 t
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
3 v8 M* _; K4 S"Times New Roman"">在先总后分的顺序中运思,
' J8 T6 V- M2 q+ n0 Z" P+ K; Q( h u4 m" Jmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">把握问题。反之亦可从各组成要素上具体分述, 5 i( L3 x. w0 }, G w& k
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:& |& z4 Q- |! M6 n; \9 z# ]
"Times New Roman"">揭示个性特征, , i5 N) p' z' f! q9 H! a
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">然后在共性联系上概括深化, % {7 {+ B8 X( U# Q宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">在先分后总的过程中认识事物。这种结构形式大多表现于记人叙事类文体。如: 3 ~; ]" g3 F3 h" _
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
- X1 M% M7 r& y- l; Q! \4 M/ a"Times New Roman"">记叙一个人, 6 ^: r, p& ?* M, v5 U- @
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">可先从总体上概括这个人的基本面貌, 4 w' K6 E$ i+ ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:8 B9 V+ y/ y1 D* C
"Times New Roman"">而后从其音容笑貌、思想品格、个性特点、兴趣爱好等不同侧面加以具体表现, & R2 ^% Z( o- n4 y宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">从而让读者完整地认识这个人。
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% p/ W( q& u# `% L% K- w. _2 d. }9 v' g6 {mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">以上是秘书写作中经常运用的几种逻辑结构。它建立在作者对事物的辩证认识上,0 T$ J, l; X% i. h
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:
. ^$ f( E- @& E \"Times New Roman"">形成大致的框架。而这种框架格局一经确定# C( E- g* w9 b) q: w- G2 p
12.0pt">, . c4 O+ U7 `4 d% y$ ?
"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">又会帮助作者更清晰、深刻地阐明问题。但它的形成, ! b2 S$ E0 |6 @: i- ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:* U9 k, n x! V+ g; o" e
"Times New Roman"">需要一个触发点。譬如:$ n& r* a2 a/ E1 E# n0 P) k* F
mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对联系环节上的一道点拔, " i; K! g: [( }宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">对现象本质的一个醒悟、对分化组合的一点突破, + a$ Z( X/ l! g" h$ gfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:9 H. V) H! _0 v) y/ j0 i9 m
"Times New Roman"">都会由此激起灵感, % u9 c. ]5 m. u( q; O1 ?, i# |. Y% kmso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">科学地把握事物的发展过程和表现形态, ]0 y0 e) X8 f& C' M C5 s- x9 o+ O
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"Times New Roman"">从而形成完整的结构格局。正如一位名家所言: " R, P' G) t% ~- A9 e宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">“ 0 }9 h" Q+ j1 x, Z; [- g
宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:"Times New Roman"">构思的产生和闪电的产生一样, 9 b. ?; f* `+ rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:0 j1 X! j" J5 ?" s. Q% O% r1 S
"Times New Roman"">有时需要轻微的刺激。”作者：王华俊 |
提升卡
置顶卡
沉默卡
喧嚣卡
变色卡
抢沙发
千斤顶
显身卡
300x180 AD
